In this journal club episode, my guest is Dr. Peter Attia, M.D., a Stanford and Johns Hopkins-trained physician focusing on healthspan and lifespan and the host of The Drive podcast. We each present a peer-reviewed scientific paper chosen because it contains novel, interesting, and actionable data. First, we discuss a paper on how bright light exposure at sunrise and throughout the day and dark exposure at night independently improve mental health and can offset some of the major symptoms of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Then, we discuss an article that explores a novel class of immunotherapy treatments to combat cancer. We also discuss some of the new data on low-calorie sweeteners and if they are safe. This episode should be of interest to listeners curious about maximizing their vitality and longevity and to anyone seeking science-supported ways to improve mental health and lifespan. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Joovvv: https://joovv.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Dr. Peter Attia Website: https://peterattiamd.com/ The Drive Podcast: https://peterattiamd.com/podcast Newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter Early Medical: https://earlymedical.com/ X: https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd YouTube: null Journal Articles Day and night light exposure are associated with psychiatric disorders: an objective light study in greater than 85,000 people (first article discussed): https://go.nature.com/47aIZcp Early evening light mitigates sleep compromising physiological and alerting responses to subsequent late evening light: https://go.nature.com/3S84JzV Absence of Circadian Phase Resetting in Response to Bright Light Behind the Knees: https://bit.ly/3Sr4Qb1 Time spent in outdoor light is associated with mood, sleep, and circadian rhythm-related outcomes: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study in over 400,000 UK Biobank participants: https://bit.ly/3Oe376l Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (second article discussed): https://bit.ly/492TmzX Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation: https://bit.ly/3OaZr5o Screening for the Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer): https://bit.ly/3HqgjBx Autoimmunity Correlates With Tumor Regression in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Anti–Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4: https://bit.ly/3U6G3KA Other Resources Tuo: https://www.thetuolife.com/ Light Meter app (Google Play): https://bit.ly/3ubAIXL Light Meter app (App Store): https://apple.co/47GJivn Carbon app: https://www.joincarbon.com/ Fluorescence & Mammals: https://nyti.ms/493aTYU Dr. Alia Crum: Science of Mindsets for Health & Performance: https://go.hubermanlab.com/nEZXQlCXYT Sugar Substitutes: https://bit.ly/48IJR9e The mechanisms of action for immune checkpoint inhibitors: https://bit.ly/3SqTi7v Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Peter Attia, Journal Club 00:02:40 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, BetterHelp & Joovv 00:07:14 Light, Dark & Mental Health; Retina 00:11:16 Outdoor vs. Indoor Light, Cataracts, Sunglasses 00:16:17 Tools: Sunrise & Sunsets, Circadian Rhythm; Midday Light 00:24:55 Tools: Night & Light Exposure; Waking Before Sunrise 00:31:05 Article #1, Light/Dark Exposure & Mental Health 00:36:50 Sponsor: AG1 00:38:18 Odds Ratio, Hazard Ratio 00:45:43 Night vs. Daylight Exposure, Mental Health Disorders 00:51:35 Major Depression & Light Exposure; Error Bars & Significance 00:59:15 Sponsor: LMNT 01:00:39 Prescriptions; Environmental & Artificial Light; Red Lights 01:08:14 Nighttime Light Exposure; Sleep Trackers & Belief Effects 01:13:54 Light Directionality, Phone, Night 01:17:21 Light Wavelengths & Sensors; Sunglasses 01:20:58 Hawthorne Effect, Reverse Causality, Genetics 01:26:26 Artificial Sweeteners, Appetite 01:31:16 Natural Light Cycles, Circadian Rhythm & Mental Health 01:39:53 Article #2, Immune System & Cancer 01:43:18 T-Cell Activation; Viruses 01:50:41 Autoimmunity; Cancer & Immune System Evasion 02:00:09 Checkpoint Inhibitors, CTLA-4 02:06:45 Anti-CTLA-4 Study Drug (Ipilimumab), Melanoma 02:12:07 Patient Population, Randomization, GP100 02:18:09 Response Rate 02:22:52 Overall Survival & Response 02:28:38 Median Survival vs. Overall Survival, Drug Development 02:35:45 Gender & Dose 02:40:32 Adverse Events; Autoimmunity 02:46:42 Pancreatic Cancer; Aging & Immune System Health 02:53:57 Melanoma; Lynch Syndrome, Keytruda 02:58:43 Immunotherapy & Cancer Treatment; Melanoma Risk 03:06:26 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer