Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/real-science-the-insane-biology-of-the-octopus New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/realscience Twitter: https://twitter.com/stephaniesamma Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stephaniesammann Credits: Writer/Narrator/Editor: Stephanie Sammann Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Illustrator/Animator: Kirtan Patel (https://kpatart.com/illustrations) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster (https://twitter.com/forgottentowel) Producer: Brian McManus (null) Imagery courtesy of Getty Images References: [1] https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/ [2] https://thebiologist.rsb.org.uk/biologist-features/158-biologist/features/2071-the-real-chameleons [3] https://ideas.ted.com/oddballs-with-high-level-intelligence-a-q-a-with-roger-hanlon-about-the-amazing-octopus/ [4] https://jeb.biologists.org/content/218/10/1462.short [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_by_number_of_neurons [6] https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/agu-rmh062419.php [7] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/28/alien-intelligence-the-extraordinary-minds-of-octopuses-and-other-cephalopods [8] https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(18)30267-2 [9] http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Definitions_of_Play#:~:text=One%20often%2Dquoted%20definition%20of,patterns%20resembling%20those%20used%20in [10] https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beastly-behavior/201705/why-play-is-important