Get a 2-year plan + 4 extra months and 30 days money-back guarantee by going to https://nordvpn.com/realscience Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/realscience-why-ocean-animals-keep-evolving-to-glow Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/realscience Twitter: https://twitter.com/stephaniesamma Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stephaniesammann Credits: Narrator: Stephanie Sammann Writer: Lorraine Boissoneault Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Editor: David O'Sullivan Illustrator: Elfy Chiang (https://www.elfylandstudios.com/) Animator: Kirtan Patel (https://kpatart.com/illustrations) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster (https://twitter.com/forgottentowel) Producer: Brian McManus (null) References: [1] https://www.mbari.org/new-study-shows-that-three-quarters-of-deep-sea-animals-make-their-own-light/ [2] https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155154 [3] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.673620/full [4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5029497/ [5] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abc5705 [6] https://link.springer.com/article/1.1007/s00114-012-0956-7 [7] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2010761117 [8] https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/habitat-conservation/shallow-coral-reef-habitat [9] https://latzlab.ucsd.edu/bioluminescence/bioluminescence-questions-and-answers/ [10] https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30554-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982219305548%3Fshowall%3Dtrue [11] https://medarbetarportalen.gu.se/digitalAssets/1566/1566428_biolumen.pdf [12] https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2021/lights-camera-action-how-the-hawaiian-bobtail-squid-brings-a-creative-vision-to-its-maritime-world-of-small-big-screens/ [13] https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/76769.pdf [14] https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2006.0236 [15] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21298-w [16] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1920875117 [17] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-014-2406-x [18] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-012-0956-7 [19] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/abs/thoughts-on-the-diversity-of-convergent-evolution-of-bioluminescence-on-earth/4612B29DD0868EA0B6F9B57E2C5A93E1