What is mud? What is clay? What is clay made of? What makes clay red vs other colors? In this video, I discuss all things clay minerals! From what clay is defined as, to where clay forms, the different types of clays, and the process of secondary clay formation and what controls the composition of the clay mineral. We also discuss common clay minerals and their relative abundance in common soil types (podzols, pedalfers, pedocals, and laterite soils). Lastly, we go over the reason rain weathers silicate minerals and why feldspars are the most common primary phase to secondary aluminosilicate clay phases. References: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-geology/chapter/outcome-soil-profiles-and-types/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p166fVxwyuY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uimJY25uMR8 https://geologylearn.blogspot.com/2015/11/soil.html Sedimentology and Stratigraphy by Boggs: https://amzn.to/31VIG9x Earth System History: https://amzn.to/3ospM1k Geomicrobiology: https://amzn.to/2WAloTR My soil video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XuW6VJEojI My mineral weathering video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6nWMzYxsUM GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!) Studying for an exam? Schedule Tutoring with me: https://GEOGIRLTutoring.as.me/ Hey there, Earth enthusiast! Check my favorite Earth-friendly products: Bamboo toilet paper: https://shrsl.com/3cvku Bamboo paper towels: https://shrsl.com/3cvkw Compostable tableware: https://shrsl.com/3cvkz Compostable trash bags: https://shrsl.com/3cvl0 Bamboo cutlery + straw! : https://shrsl.com/3cwfl Eco-Friendly Tote (great for grocery shopping!): https://shrsl.com/3cwfp Reusable straws + cleaning brushes (my fav!): https://shrsl.com/3cwft Eco-friendly laundry detergent: https://shrsl.com/3cwgo Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://shrsl.com/3d0t2 (Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!) Non-textbook books I recommend: Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2 Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student: Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5 Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc 0:00 What is clay? 2:06 Where is clay found? 3:59 What is soil? 5:15 How soil forms 6:48 How clay forms 11:16 Clay minerals in different climates 14:08 Factors that control clay composition 17:23 Related videos & references Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!