Artificial gravity is a concept that is ubiquitous in our science fiction yet elusive in our space program. Why is this? And how could we develop artificial gravity soon? In a Cool Worlds special, this video essay goes in depth on the topic discussing why centrifuges are the most plausible solution and early ideas on the topic. Join us a journey from Einstein's equivalence principle, to O'Neill Cylinders and Stanford Tori; from Coriolis forces to near-term experiments. Grab a cup of a tea and enjoy. You can now support our research program and the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support Chapters: 0:08 Introduction 5:43 The O’Neill Cylinder 8:10 The Stanford Torus 10:16 Down-Sizing 13:31 Coriolis 16:52 Vertical Coriolis 19:32 Tipping Coriolis 21:34 Canal Sickness 27:01 Stability 29:28 Near-Tear Experiments Academic articles used: ► Nesti et al. (2014), "Human sensitivity to vertical motion", Exp Brain Res., 232, 303: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898153/ ► Harris et al. (2014), "How Much Gravity Is Needed to Establish the Perceptual Upright?", PLoS One, 9, e106207: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153541/ (0.15g) ► Cohen et al. (2000), "Effects of Prolonged Centrifugation on Orthostasis", Aerospace Medical Association 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting 2001: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010106394 ► Graybiel et al. (1960), "Observations on Human Subjects Living in a 'Slow Rotation Room' for Periods of Two Days", Arch Neurol., 3, 55: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/562689 ► Theodore Hall (1993), "The Architecture of Artificial Gravity: Archetypes and Transformations of Terrestrial Design", PhD Thesis, University of Michigan: http://www.artificial-gravity.com/SSI-1993-Hall.pdf ► Theodore Hall (2002), "Architectural Considerations for a Minimum Mass, Minimum Energy, Artificial Gravity Environment", SAE Technical paper Series, http://www.artificial-gravity.com/SAE-2002-01-2431.pdf ► Online lecture by Theodore Hall in 2015 at SEEDS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_2UxSRQxF4 ► Holderman & Henderson (2011): https://www.scribd.com/document/51592987/Nautilus-X-Holderman-1-26-11 ► Kirk Sorensen (2005), "A Tether-Based Variable-Gravity Research Facility Concept": http://www.artificial-gravity.com/JANNAF-2005-Sorensen.pdf Video materials used: ► Numerous NASA videos, in particular of ISS, the Dawn Mission, as well Stanford Torus video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcO_BjXfhhc ► Nautilus X videos from f r a g o m a t i k: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hObbL4DCesI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04HyXw-kcC0 ► High G blackout videos from VIDSTORM: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVkzZQVSX08 ► Inner ear video from Fauquier ENT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMIMvBa8XGs ► World Record 83 G Deceleration Peak on Rocket Sled 1958-05-16 (1967) USAF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siau78EFLgc ► SpaceX Falcon Heavy test flight: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbSwFU6tY1c ► "ORBIT - A Journey Around Earth in Real Time" by Seán Doran: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xjs6fnpPWy4 ► MIT Coriolis demonstration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt_XJp77-mk ► MPI CyberMotion Simulator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThkymYRP1g8 ► Not a video but thanks to Don Davis for his amazing images used ► Rotating simulators by Tom Lechner and William Hoza: http://www.tomlechner.com/outerspace/ and http://william.hoza.us/centrifuge/#4&1 Filmclips, in order of appearance; ► Star Trek: The Original Series (1966-1967, Paramount) ► Star Trek: Enterprise (2001-2005, Paramount) ► Interstellar (2014, Warner Bros) ► 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968, Warner Bros) ► The Martian (2015, 20th Century Fox) ► Avatar (2009, 20th Century Fox) ► Elysium (2013, Sony Pictures) Music is by Chris Zabriskie (http://chriszabriskie.com/) and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), in order of appearance; ► Cylinder Five (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Nine (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Three (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► We Were Never Meant to Live Here (http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/) ► That Hopeful Future Is All I've Ever Known (http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/) ► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow (https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/the-sun-is-scheduled-to-come) ► Cylinder Seven (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Four (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) ► Cylinder Eight (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) And also... ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu/ ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu/ ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu/ Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping THANKS FOR WATCHING!!