In ancient Sumer, city-states were self-governing entities centred around urban hubs with surrounding agricultural areas. Each city-state, led by a ruler often with divine authority, was independent and had its own governance. Temples were crucial for religion, administration, and economics. Economic activities included agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. Sumerian city-states were cultural and scientific centres, contributing to the development of writing, mathematics, and the arts. Socially, there were distinct classes, and the city-states collectively laid the foundation for complex civilisations in Mesopotamia. 0:00 - Intro 1:32 - Ur 2:04 - Uruk 2:30 - Lagash 2:54 - Nippur 3:10 - Kish 3:30 - Eridu 3:46 - Adab 4:02 - Shuruppak 4:21 - Isin 4:42 - Conclusion #ancientsumer #ziggurat #mesopotamia