This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Wilmington insurrection of 1898 00:01:42 1 Background 00:05:16 1.1 Wilmington 00:08:15 1.2 White resentment 00:12:45 1.3 Fusionist dominance 00:14:50 1.3.1 Issues 00:20:04 2 1898 "White Supremacy" campaign 00:24:14 2.1 Alfred M. Waddell 00:26:06 2.2 White Supremacy Clubs 00:27:49 2.3 Commentaries 00:34:08 2.4 Rallying the base 00:36:26 2.5 "White Supremacy Convention" 00:37:56 2.6 Intimidation 00:44:45 2.7 Atmosphere and suppression of black defense 00:49:55 3 1898 election 00:52:36 3.1 iThe White Declaration of Independence/i 01:00:22 4 Riot and coup d'état 01:03:06 5 Aftermath 01:03:15 5.1 Wilmington 01:08:05 5.2 State politics 01:08:35 5.2.1 Disenfranchisement 01:10:26 5.2.2 Ushering in "Jim Crow" 01:11:58 5.3 Election of 1900 01:12:36 6 Historical recounting 01:12:46 6.1 "Race riot" 01:18:15 6.2 "Massacre" vs. "Insurrection" 01:23:11 6.3 1998 Centennial Commission 01:25:31 6.4 1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission 01:27:18 6.5 Reply from League of the South 01:28:26 6.6 Commemorations 01:32:15 7 In literature 01:33:28 8 Further reading Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington race riot of 1898, occurred in Wilmington, North Carolina on November 10, 1898. It is considered a turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina politics. The event initiated an era of more severe racial segregation and effective disenfranchisement of African Americans throughout the South, a shift already underway since passage by Mississippi of a new constitution in 1890, raising barriers to voter registration. Laura Edwards wrote in Democracy Betrayed (2000): "What happened in Wilmington became an affirmation of white supremacy not just in that one city, but in the South and in the nation as a whole", as it affirmed that invoking "whiteness" eclipsed the legal citizenship, individual rights, and equal protection under the law of blacks.It was originally described by white Americans as a race riot caused by blacks. However, over time, with more facts publicized, the event has come to be seen as a coup d'état, the violent overthrow of a duly elected government. Multiple causes — social, political, and economic — brought it about. It is the only such incident in American history.The coup occurred after the state's white Democratic Party conspired and led a mob of 2,000 white men to overthrow the legitimately-elected local Fusionist government. They expelled opposition black and white political leaders from the city, destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed an estimated 60 to more than 300 people.