Go to https://nordvpn.com/notjustbikes to sign up for NordVPN with a huge discount for NJB viewers Toronto is a city with some great potential, and one of the best cities in Canada. But it has a problem: it's addicted to cars. Here's how that happened. Watch this video ad and sponsor free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/notjustbikes-how-toronto-got-addicted-to-cars Patreon: https://patreon.com/notjustbikes Twitter: https://twitter.com/notjustbikes Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/notjustbikes NJB Live (my bicycle livestream channel): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9v57F4xz46KaDsvWfCv8yw --- References & further reading: History of Toronto https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Toronto By William Armstrong - This image is available from the Toronto Public Library under the reference number TRL JRR 291, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5985519 By Arthur Cox (1840 - 1917), after Edward Walsh (1766/7 - 1832) - This image is available from the Toronto Public Library under the reference number TRL, X 4-1, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6034112 https://torontopubliclibrary.typepad.com/local-history-genealogy/2019/03/remembering-torontos-first-subway-march-30-snapshots-in-history.html Toronto Historical Streetcar Photos courtesy of Transit Toronto Photographer: Richard Glaze https://transittoronto.ca/streetcar/4100.shtml Historical Photos of Toronto from the City of Toronto Archives: https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/whats-online/digitized-photographs-by-fonds-and-series/ https://www.blogto.com/city/2011/10/that_time_when_toronto_was_a_city_of_parking_lots/ The Yellowbelt - Map TO http://www.mapto.ca/maps/2017/3/4/the-yellow-belt Map of Toronto with the borders of the 1974 - 1998 boroughs indicated By Lencer - own work, used:OpenStreetMap created with Greater toronto area map-de.svg by NordNordWest, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6077610 The Amalgamation of Toronto http://www.mapto.ca/maps/amalgamation Vote breakdown shows pre-amalgamation split https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/vote-breakdown-shows-pre-amalgamation-split-1.894941 Amalgamation of Toronto https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto TORONTO ELECTION HIGHLIGHTS FAILURE OF AMALGAMATION https://www.newgeography.com/content/001890-toronto-election-highlights-failure-amalgamation Voters Overwhelmingly Reject Toronto Megacity http://www.publicpurpose.com/n-torref.htm The Megacity Threat to Toronto: Less Democracy for More Money http://www.publicpurpose.com/tor-emp.htm The fight for TORONTO https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1997/3/17/the-fight-for-toronto Sizing up amalgamation, 20 years on https://torontoist.com/2018/01/sizing-amalgamation-20-years/ Toronto: Trouble in the megacity, facing a financial crisis in 2010 https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/after-copenhagen/toronto-trouble-in-the-megacity-facing-a-financial-crisis-in-2010/ THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF AMALGAMATION: THE CASE OF THE CITY OF TORONTO https://www.yorku.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/205/2020/10/MontrealPaper3.pdf Toronto Election 2010 Map By DrRandomFactor - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54168674 Toronto Mayor Rob Ford: I Was Drunk But Never High at Work https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/toronto-mayor-rob-ford-i-was-drunk-never-high-work-n146556 Pt 1 John Tory on Toronto's Financial Situation (May 16, 2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MclpbpTe1dQ Strategic Plan for Cycling in Toronto: The “Toronto Bike Plan - Shifting Gears” (All Wards) https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/2001/agendas/council/cc010724/plt8rpt/cl003.pdf Premier Doug Ford and the politics of spite https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/11/15/premier-doug-ford-and-the-politics-of-spite.html The War on Cars 74. Not Just Bikes with Jason Slaughter https://thewaroncars.org/2021/11/30/not-just-bikes-with-jason-slaughter/ This video contains photos and video licensed from Getty Images --- Chapters 0:00 Introduction 1:14 The early history of Toronto 2:20 CARS! WE NEED MORE CARS! 2:35 Gotta get rid of those streetcars 4:17 Freeways everywhere 5:27 What was left of Toronto 5:55 Car-dependency in the suburbs 6:52 The MEGACITY 9:21 The worst mayor Toronto ever had 11:30 How the Conservatives f-up cities 13:02 You need to vote. DO IT. 14:25 Conclusion 15:00 My travel problems and NordVPN