What is El Niño and why is it important? Is El Niño changing because of climate change? Thanks to Nebula for supporting this video: https://go.nebula.tv/simonclark Buy my book, Firmament: https://geni.us/firmament You can support the channel by becoming a patron at http://www.patreon.com/simonoxfphys Chances are, you've heard of El Niño or ENSO. But what exactly are these things, and why do they matter? In this new video format I try to give you a basic introduction and speak to an expert on the subject. If you'd like me to do more videos like this on other topics, let me know in the comments! REFERENCES (1) https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-el-ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93southern-oscillation-enso-nutshell (2) https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/ElNino/page3.php (3) https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/atsc/60/1/1520-0469_2003_060_0152_antfen_2.0.co_2.xml (4) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00696.x (5) https://unacademy.com/content/neet-ug/study-material/physics/latent-heat-for-condensation-of-water-in-clouds/ (6) See e.g. introduction of https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2020.0424 (7) https://www.yourweather.co.uk/news/trending/teleconnections-how-weather-in-different-regions-changes-together.html (8) https://www.weather.gov/fwd/teleconnections (9) Firmament: https://geni.us/firmament (10) https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-much-el-nino-affect-global-temperature/ (11) https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-mjo-and-why-do-we-care (12) https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanoes-can-affect-climate (13) Adapted from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-00965-9 (14) https://www.ecmwf.int/en/newsletter/151/meteorology/2015-2016-el-nino-and-beyond (15) https://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-november-2023-remarkable-year-continues-warmest-boreal-autumn-2023-will-be-warmest-year (16) https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-021-00199-z --------- II --------- More about me https://www.simonoxfphys.com/ My second channel - null Threads - https://www.threads.net/@simonoxfphys Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/simonoxfphys Twitch - https://www.twitch.tv/drsimonclark --------- II --------- Music by Epidemic Sound: http://nebula.tv/epidemic Some stock footage courtesy of Getty. Edited by Luke Negus. What is El Niño? Why is El Niño important? Is El Niño changing because of climate change? In this video introduction to ENSO, El Niño, and La Niña I talk about what these phenomena are, why they occur, why you should care, and how they are changing because of climate change. Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon: Daniel Chen, Martina Alini, Vernon Swanepoel, Adam Scott, Felix Winkler, CC, Ivari Tölp, Thomas Charbonnel, Mark Moore, Philipp Legner, Zoey O'Neill, Veronica Castello-Vooght, Heijde, Paul H and Linda L, Marcus Bosshard, Dan Sherman, Matthew Powell, Adrian Sand, Dan Nelson, The Cairene on Caffeine, Cody VanZandt, Igor Francetic, Daniel Irwin, bitreign33 , Thusto , Andy Hartley, Lachlan Woods, Dan Hanvey, Andrea De Mezzo. Tristan Schefke, Theo coz 1-letter-name invites ridicule, Gunnstein Lye, Gary Stark, Trevor Scheuing, Andy Giesen, Tony M Parker, Mathias Hüttenmüller, RomanConsul, Ave Jonathan Cahyadi, John Bate, Diaffixx , Kevin Gillard, Chris Conrey, Christian Weckner, Frida Sørensen, Ned Funnell, Aleksa Stankovic, Meagan, Indira Pranabudi, Sekhalis, Chaotic Brain Person, Simon H., Ben Cooper, Mark Injerd, dryfrog, Justin Warren, Angela Flierman, Alipasha Sadri, Calum Storey, Mattophobia, Riz, The Confusled, Simon Stelling, Gabriele Siino, Bjorn Bakker, Ieuan Williams, Tom Malcolm, GordonV47, Leonard Neamtu, Brady Johnston, Louise K., Rapssack, Kevin O'Connor, Timo Kerremans, Thomas Rintoul, Lars Hubacher, Ashley Wilkins, Samuel Baumgartner, ST0RMW1NG 1, Morten Engsvang, Cio Cio San, Farsight101, Haris Karimjee, K.L, fourthdwarf, Stormchaser007 , Sam Ryan, Felix Freiberger, Chris Field, Kolbrandr, Vinni, Shane O'Brien, Alex, Fujia Li, Jesper Koed, Jonathan Craske, Albrecht Striffler, Jack Troup, Sven Ebel, Sean Richards, Kedar , Alastair Fortune, Mat Allen, Krisztián Török, Colin J. Brown, Mach_D, Keegan Amrine, Simon Donkers, Kodzo , James Bridges, Liam , Wendover Productions, Kendra Johnson.